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Related Concept Videos

Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

248
The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
248
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
421
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
240
Creep in Concrete01:22

Creep in Concrete

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Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

226
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
226
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

181
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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A soft sensor model based on long&short-term memory dual pathways convolutional gated recurrent unit network for

Chao Sun1, Yuxuan Zhang1, Gaolu Huang1

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.

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|April 3, 2022
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Summary

A new L/S-ConvGRU model accurately predicts cement specific surface area by enhancing feature extraction. This soft sensor approach overcomes challenges in industrial data for improved cement quality monitoring.

Keywords:
Cement specific surface areaLong&short-term memory pathwaysNeural networkProcess industrySoft sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Specific surface area is crucial for cement quality.
  • Industrial cement data presents challenges like time-varying delays, non-linearity, and data redundancy, hindering accurate online monitoring.
  • Existing models struggle to effectively capture complex spatio-temporal dynamics in cement production data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accurate soft sensor model for online prediction of cement specific surface area.
  • To address the limitations of traditional models in handling complex industrial process data.
  • To improve the precision and generalization capability of cement quality monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of parameters L and S into the Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit (ConvGRU) network to modify internal linear constraints and enhance feature extraction.
  • Design of dual spatio-temporal feature extraction pathways: a long-term memory enhancement pathway and a short-term dependence pathway.
  • Fusion of features extracted from the dual pathways within the L/S-ConvGRU model for prediction.

Main Results:

  • The proposed L/S-ConvGRU model demonstrated higher precision in predicting cement specific surface area compared to existing methods.
  • The model exhibited superior generalization capability when trained on raw data from a cement plant.
  • The dual pathway approach effectively captured long-term and short-term time-varying delay information.

Conclusions:

  • The L/S-ConvGRU model offers an effective solution for accurate online monitoring of cement specific surface area.
  • The modified ConvGRU architecture and dual pathway design significantly improve feature extraction and prediction accuracy.
  • This approach provides a robust tool for enhancing cement quality control in industrial settings.