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Vascular vertigo and dizziness: Diagnostic criteria
Ji-Soo Kim1, David E Newman-Toker2, Kevin A Kerber3
1Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Summary
New diagnostic criteria for vascular vertigo and dizziness are presented. These guidelines aid in identifying stroke-related vestibular issues, improving timely diagnosis and patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Otolaryngology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Vertigo and dizziness are common symptoms, often linked to posterior circulation strokes.
- Accurate diagnosis of vascular vertigo is crucial for effective treatment and stroke prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the Bárány Society's Committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders' diagnostic criteria for vascular vertigo and dizziness.
- To include classifications for stroke, transient ischemic attack, labyrinthine infarction/hemorrhage, and vertebral artery compression syndrome.
Main Methods:
- The paper outlines diagnostic criteria developed by an expert committee.
- It emphasizes the role of central neurological signs, including HINTS (Head-Impulse test, Nystagmus, Skew deviation), in diagnosing vascular vertigo.
- Diagnostic considerations for isolated labyrinthine infarction and vertebral artery compression syndrome are detailed.
Main Results:
- The classification encompasses vertigo/dizziness from stroke, transient ischemic attack, labyrinthine infarction/hemorrhage, and vertebral artery compression syndrome.
- Vascular vertigo can be acute and prolonged or transient.
- Central HINTS signs in patients with acute vestibular symptoms and vascular risk factors strongly suggest vascular vertigo.
Conclusions:
- The presented criteria provide a framework for diagnosing vascular vertigo and dizziness.
- Early consideration of vascular causes, especially with central neurological signs and risk factors, is vital.
- Specific diagnostic pathways are outlined for labyrinthine infarction and vertebral artery compression syndrome.
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