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Perinatal Mortality and its Causes in a Rural Block in Tamil Nadu, Southern India: A Community-Based Nonconcurrent

Anne George Cherian1, Cherryl Tryphena1, Kuryan George1

  • 1Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
|April 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal mortality (PM) rates significantly declined in rural India over a decade, with fewer small for gestational age fetuses. Understanding causes through pregnancy registration improves outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Health
  • Maternal and Child Epidemiology
  • Global Health Statistics

Background:

  • High global infant mortality necessitates better data on perinatal mortality (PM) and its causes, especially in regions like India.
  • Existing data on perinatal mortality and stillbirths is scarce in many parts of India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate stillbirth (SB), early neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates in a rural Indian block over ten years.
  • To identify the primary causes of perinatal mortality and associated maternal risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A nonconcurrent cohort study analyzed births, stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths from 2008 to 2017.
  • WHO-PM classification was used for cause allocation and maternal risk factor analysis.
  • Standard growth charts classified birth weights and identified small for gestational age fetuses.

Main Results:

  • Perinatal mortality rate decreased significantly from 32 to 11 per 1000 births.
  • The incidence of small for gestational age fetuses dropped from 20% to 12.5%.
  • Antepartum hypoxia (34.4%) and fetal growth disorders (26.3%) were leading causes of stillbirths; intrapartum events caused 32.8% of early neonatal deaths.

Conclusions:

  • A consistent decline in perinatal mortality and small for gestational age fetuses was observed over the decade.
  • Pregnancy registration and follow-up are crucial for understanding and mitigating perinatal mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
Causes of perinatal mortalitylower-middle-income countriespregnancy registrationstillbirths

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