EMR and ESD: Indications, techniques and results.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Endoscopic Surgery
• Oncology

Background:

• Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are advanced endoscopic resection techniques.
• These methods are employed for treating advanced gastrointestinal lesions, offering improved resection margins over standard polypectomy.
• EMR and ESD facilitate en bloc removal, crucial for accurate pathological assessment and curative treatment of early neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques.
• To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both EMR and ESD procedures.
• To cover recent advancements in EMR and ESD techniques and equipment, and to review current guidelines for their application.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
• Discussion of procedural techniques, including advancements and new equipment.
• Analysis of clinical scenarios and current guideline recommendations for EMR and ESD.

Main Results:

• EMR and ESD provide wider and deeper resection margins compared to standard polypectomy.
• En bloc removal of lesions is achievable with EMR and ESD, enabling detailed pathology and curative intent for early neoplastic lesions.
• Recent advancements have improved the efficacy and applicability of EMR and ESD.

Conclusions:

• EMR and ESD are valuable endoscopic techniques for managing early neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions.
• The choice between EMR and ESD depends on lesion characteristics and procedural considerations.
• Ongoing advancements and guideline adherence are key to optimizing outcomes with these endoscopic resections.