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Additive manufacturing of Ti-Ni bimetallic structures.

Ali Afrouzian1, Cory J Groden1, David P Field1

  • 1W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.

Materials & Design
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Additive manufacturing created novel nickel-titanium bimetallic structures. These structures exhibit unique directional mechanical properties, with transverse samples showing significantly higher ductility than longitudinal ones.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingBimetallic structuresDirected energy depositionNickelTitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Bimetallic structures offer unique properties but their manufacturing and characterization present challenges.
  • Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique capable of creating complex geometries.
  • Understanding the interfacial properties and mechanical behavior of AM-produced bimetallic composites is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the directional mechanical properties of Ni-CP Ti bimetallic structures fabricated using DED.
  • To determine the influence of interfacial phase formation on the bulk mechanical behavior.
  • To explore the potential of AM for designing advanced bimetallic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Ni-CP Ti bimetallic structures in three configurations using DED-based AM.
  • Mechanical testing (tensile and compressive) of longitudinal and transverse samples.
  • Microstructural analysis including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observation of heat-affected zones (HAZ).

Main Results:

  • XRD confirmed the formation of intermetallic NiTi phase at the Ni-CP Ti interface.
  • Significant anisotropy in mechanical properties was observed: longitudinal samples showed 12% elongation, transverse samples 36%.
  • Transverse samples exhibited ductile failure modes (strain hardening, shear bands), while longitudinal samples showed brittle fracture at the interface.

Conclusions:

  • AM enables the design of innovative Ni-CP Ti bimetallic structures with pronounced directional mechanical properties.
  • Interfacial phase formation (NiTi) and microstructural gradients significantly influence the anisotropic behavior.
  • The study highlights the potential of tailoring AM processes for specific material performance requirements.