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Spain's Persistent Negative Educational Gradient in Fertility.

Miguel Requena¹

¹Grupo de Estudios `Población y Sociedad', Departamento de Sociología II, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, C/Obispo Trejo no 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

European Journal of Population = Revue Europeenne De Demographie

|April 4, 2022

Summary

In Spain, a negative educational gradient in fertility persists, meaning women with higher education still have fewer children. This trend, observed between 2007-2017, likely widened existing fertility differences.

Keywords:

Education Educational gradient Fertility Period fertility Spain

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Area of Science:

Demography
Sociology
Public Health

Background:

Historically, Spain showed a negative educational gradient in fertility, typical of Southern European low-fertility regimes.
Recent trends in some advanced societies suggest a reversal of this inverse relationship between education and fertility.
This reversal is not yet widespread across developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the persistence of educational gradients in fertility among Spanish women from 2007 to 2017.
To analyze recent reproductive behavior in relation to educational attainment in Spain.
To determine if the historical negative educational gradient in fertility continues in contemporary Spain.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from Spanish administrative registers.
Employed standard period indicators of fertility.
Analyzed period fertility for Spanish women during 2007–2017.

Main Results:

Evidence confirms the continued existence of a negative educational gradient in fertility in Spain.
Significant differences in fertility (both quantum and tempo) exist across educational categories.
These educational differentials in fertility persisted and likely widened during the study period.

Conclusions:

The historical negative educational gradient in fertility persists in Spain, contrary to trends in some other developed countries.
Educational attainment continues to be a significant factor influencing fertility levels and timing in Spain.
The widening of educational differentials suggests increasing disparities in reproductive behavior based on education.