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Prenatal Environment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Miyuki Doi1, Noriyoshi Usui1,2,3,4, Shoichi Shimada1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|April 4, 2022
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Summary

Maternal environment during pregnancy impacts offspring health, influencing neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism and ADHD. Understanding these links via the DOHaD theory aids in disease prevention and identifying at-risk groups.

Keywords:
DOHaDautism spectrum disorder (ASD)low birth weight (LBW)neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)prenatal environmentpreterm birth (PTB)

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory posits that maternal environment influences offspring health.
  • Prenatal environmental exposures are increasingly recognized as contributors to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • Identifying individuals at risk for NDDs is crucial for preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on how the prenatal environment affects NDDs.
  • To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of NDD pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the relevance of the DOHaD theory in understanding NDDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on prenatal environment and NDDs.
  • Analysis of research applying the DOHaD theory to NDDs.
  • Examination of molecular pathways involved in NDD development.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal exposures can alter offspring neurodevelopment, increasing NDD risk.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms link environmental factors to NDD onset.
  • The DOHaD framework provides a valuable lens for NDD research.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding prenatal influences on NDDs is critical due to a lack of effective treatments.
  • The DOHaD theory offers insights into NDD pathogenesis and prevention.
  • This knowledge can advance preventive medicine for NDDs.