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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

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Published on: March 17, 2023

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Alemtuzumab-Induced Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction.

Sharanniyan Ragavan1, Omar Elhelw1, Waseem Majeed2

  • 1Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, GBR.

Cureus
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis can cause autoimmune thyroid disease, including Graves' disease and hypothyroidism. Monitoring thyroid function is essential during and after treatment.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasegraves’ diseaseimmune reconstitution syndromerelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisthyroid pathology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  • Autoimmunity is a known adverse effect of alemtuzumab treatment.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a common manifestation of alemtuzumab-induced autoimmunity.

Observation:

  • A case study of a young man treated with alemtuzumab for RRMS is presented.
  • The patient developed Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) 18 months post-treatment, followed by persistent hypothyroidism.
  • Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) are implicated in the development of alemtuzumab-induced autoimmune thyroid dysfunction.

Findings:

  • Alemtuzumab can trigger bidirectional switching between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • The mechanism involves both stimulating and blocking TRAbs.
  • This presents clinical challenges in managing autoimmune thyroid disease.

Implications:

  • Current guidelines recommend vigilant thyroid function monitoring for four years post-alemtuzumab treatment.
  • Patient education is critical for adherence to monitoring protocols.
  • Understanding alemtuzumab's impact on thyroid autoimmunity can improve patient outcomes in MS care.