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Related Concept Videos

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Photosensitivity Is Associated with Chronic Pain following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Nadir M Balba1,2, Alisha A McBride2, Megan L Callahan2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with symptomatic traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience more chronic pain and light sensitivity. Photosensitivity may indicate significant pain and disability after TBI.

Keywords:
chronic painconcussionhypersensitivityphotosensitivity, polytrauma triadtraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with chronic pain.
  • Photosensitivity is a common symptom after TBI and in other chronic pain conditions.
  • Understanding the link between TBI, pain, and photosensitivity is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between chronic pain, pain-related disability, and photosensitivity in individuals with a history of TBI.
  • To determine if photosensitivity can serve as a quantitative marker for high-impact chronic pain post-TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified visual photosensitivity thresholds (VPT) using an Ocular Photosensitivity Analyzer.
  • Measured pressure-pain sensitivity via pressure algometry.
  • Administered self-report measures for pain, TBI history, and mental health to 395 participants (233 with TBI history).

Main Results:

  • Symptomatic TBI (s-TBI) participants reported significantly higher chronic pain than asymptomatic TBI (a-TBI) and no-TBI groups.
  • No significant differences in pressure-pain thresholds were found between groups.
  • s-TBI participants exhibited increased light sensitivity (lower VPT), which correlated with self-reported pain and disability.

Conclusions:

  • Photosensitivity is significantly associated with self-reported chronic pain and disability in individuals with symptomatic TBI.
  • Visual photosensitivity may function as a quantitative biomarker for high-impact chronic pain following TBI.
  • Further research can explore therapeutic interventions targeting photosensitivity in TBI patients.