The suitability of treating atopic dermatitis with Janus kinase inhibitors

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life, especially in patients with moderate-severe AD. Recently, topical and oral Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitors were investigated as treatments for mild-moderate and moderate-severe AD. However, rare serious adverse-events observed with JAK-inhibitor therapy in AD, rheumatoid arthritis, and other immune-mediated disorders warrant careful consideration.

This review examines the efficacy and safety of topical and oral JAK-inhibitors for treatments in AD, and reviews potential applications in AD.

JAK-inhibitors have rapid-onset and robust and durable efficacy, which give them considerable versatility for treating the gamut of AD patients. While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has only approved upadacitinib and abrocitinib to treat moderate-severe AD refractory to treatment with other systemic medications including biologics, or when use of those therapies is not recommended, oral JAK-inhibitors have the potential to be used both as first-line or second-line systemic therapies in moderate-severe AD. However, oral JAK-inhibitors can lead to laboratory anomalies and rare serious adverse events. All of these important characteristics should be addressed in shared-decision-making conversations, patient counseling, choosing appropriate therapies for patients, and monitoring patients in clinical practice.