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Characterizing temporal variability in streams supports nutrient indicator development using diatom and bacterial DNA

Nathan J Smucker1, Erik M Pilgrim1, Huiyun Wu2

  • 1United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Temporal variability in stream ecosystems did not hinder the use of diatom and bacterial DNA metabarcoding for nutrient assessment. Metrics based on average nutrient levels proved more reliable than daily measurements for monitoring stream health.

Keywords:
AgricultureAlgaeBioassessmentMetricsNitrogenPhosphorus

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Developing periphytic diatom and bacterial indicators for nutrient effects is crucial for stream ecosystem assessment.
  • Temporal variability in these indicators can complicate nutrient-effect relationships and assessment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how temporal variability affects diatom and bacterial assemblages measured by DNA metabarcoding.
  • To assess the reliability of these biological indicators for nutrient monitoring in streams.

Main Methods:

  • Weekly periphyton and nutrient sampling over four months in 25 mixed land-use streams.
  • DNA metabarcoding to analyze diatom and bacterial assemblages.
  • Statistical analysis of assemblage data against nutrient concentrations (total phosphorus and total nitrogen) and land use.

Main Results:

  • Diatom and bacterial assemblages strongly correlated with watershed agriculture and nutrient concentrations (TP and TN).
  • Despite increased nutrient variability in agricultural watersheds, overall assemblage variability remained consistent.
  • Nutrient metrics derived from weekly sampling and mean concentrations showed stronger correlations with TP than TN, and were more reliable than same-day measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Diatom and bacterial assemblages, analyzed via DNA metabarcoding, are robust indicators of nutrient status in streams, even with temporal variability.
  • Using mean nutrient concentrations and weekly sampling metrics enhances the reliability of biological monitoring.
  • Findings support improved monitoring strategies and decision-making for stream ecosystem management.