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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

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Sarcopenia definition: Does it really matter? Implications for resistance training.

Cassandra Smith1, Mary N Woessner2, Marc Sim3

  • 1Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.

Ageing Research Reviews
|April 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass in older adults, has multiple diagnostic definitions causing confusion. Focus should shift to optimizing resistance training (RT) for muscle health, not on refining sarcopenia definitions.

Keywords:
AgeingClinical populationsExerciseOlder adultsSarcopenia

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The Creation of a Rat Model for Osteosarcopenia via Ovariectomy
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, common in older adults, involves muscle mass, strength, and function loss.
  • It's linked to adverse outcomes like falls, fractures, and reduced quality of life.
  • Sarcopenia is recognized as a disease but lacks a unified diagnostic definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inconsistencies in current sarcopenia diagnostic definitions.
  • To recommend a shift in focus from diagnostic criteria to optimizing resistance training interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing sarcopenia definitions and diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of the impact of diagnostic variations on clinical practice.
  • Evaluation of resistance training effectiveness for sarcopenia.

Main Results:

  • At least five different definitions for sarcopenia exist, varying in required themes, parameters, and cut-off values.
  • Lack of consensus creates diagnostic confusion and hesitation.
  • Resistance training is a safe and effective intervention regardless of specific sarcopenia classification.

Conclusions:

  • Current sarcopenia definitions are inconsistent and can hinder diagnosis.
  • Focusing on optimizing resistance training prescription and adherence is more beneficial than refining diagnostic criteria.
  • Interventions for sarcopenia should prioritize effective resistance training protocols.