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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

Computer-Mediated Therapies for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Stanley Mugisha¹, Mirko Job², Matteo Zoppi¹

¹Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering (DIME), University of Genoa, Italy.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association

|April 4, 2022

Summary

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) and non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) show comparable benefits to conventional therapy for stroke patients. IVR may offer superior outcomes for upper limb function and daily activities compared to NIVR.

Keywords:

Computer Mediated Therapy Immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Stroke Virtual Reality

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The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

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Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

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Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke

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Published on: June 6, 2025

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Rehabilitation Medicine
Neuroscience
Digital Health

Background:

Stroke rehabilitation often involves conventional therapy (CT).
Virtual reality (VR) presents novel therapeutic modalities.
Immersive virtual reality (IVR) and non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) offer distinct patient experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of IVR and NIVR against CT for stroke patients.
To assess improvements in physical and psychological status post-stroke.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search across seven major databases.
Meta-analysis of 22 randomized controlled trials.
Calculation of effect sizes using Cohen's d and random-effects model.

Main Results:

Both IVR and NIVR demonstrated comparable benefits to CT for upper limb function, daily activities, balance, and mobility.
IVR showed potential advantages over NIVR in upper limb training and activities of daily living.
No significant difference was found between IVR and CT for upper limb activity and daily life activities.

Conclusions:

IVR may be more effective than NIVR for specific functional improvements in stroke survivors.
Evidence regarding the long-term durability of IVR treatment is lacking.
Further large-scale studies are required to validate the sustained benefits of IVR.