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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Reactivity-based screening for natural product discovery.

Lonnie A Harris1, Douglas A Mitchell2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.

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Reactivity-based screening uses chemical probes to find novel natural products from bacteria, overcoming limitations of traditional methods and aiding in linking chemical structures to genes.

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Activity-based profilingBioinformaticsBioorthogonal chemistryGenome miningNatural productsReactivity-based screeningRiPPs

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Chemical Proteomics
  • Microbial Natural Product Discovery

Background:

  • Natural products are vital sources for new therapeutics.
  • Bacterial taxa, like Actinomycetes, are prolific natural product producers.
  • Traditional bioactivity-based screening faces significant rediscovery challenges, impacting industrial pipelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present protocols for reactivity-based screening campaigns.
  • To demonstrate a method for discovering natural products that evade traditional assays.
  • To facilitate the connection between metabolic chemotypes and genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing chemical proteomics principles for natural product discovery.
  • Employing reactivity-based probes targeting specific functional groups (e.g., uriedo, olefins, Michael acceptors, carbonyls).
  • Cultivating bacteria and screening cellular extracts with functionalized probes (phenylglyoxal, tetrazine, thiol, aminooxy).

Main Results:

  • Successful deployment of reactivity-based probes to identify novel polyketide and peptidic natural products.
  • Application of reactivity-based screening in a forward genetics screen to discover a novel peptidyl arginine deiminase.
  • Demonstrated utility in discovering natural products missed by conventional bioassay-guided methods.

Conclusions:

  • Reactivity-based screening offers a powerful alternative to traditional natural product discovery methods.
  • This approach effectively circumvents the issue of natural product rediscovery.
  • The described protocols enable rapid linking of metabolic chemotype to genotype for novel compound identification.