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How did the adoption of wP-pentavalent affect the global paediatric vaccine coverage rate? A multicountry panel data

M Mahmud Khan1, Juan Camilo Vargas-Zambrano2, Laurent Coudeville3

  • 1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.

BMJ Open
|April 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Combination vaccines, like the pentavalent vaccine, significantly boosted global immunization coverage for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP3), hepatitis B (HepB3), and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib3). These vaccines are crucial for improving childhood vaccine uptake worldwide.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Global Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Combination vaccines have been shown to improve immunization coverage at national and subnational levels.
  • The global impact of combination vaccines on immunization coverage has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the global effects of introducing the whole-cell pertussis pentavalent (wP-pentavalent) vaccine.
  • To estimate the incremental coverage effects of combination vaccines on diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP3), hepatitis B (HepB3), and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib3) vaccine doses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multicountry panel data from WHO/UNICEF, covering the years 1980-2018.
  • Employed linear mixed models to estimate the impact of wP-pentavalent introduction.
  • Incorporated proxy variables to control for time trends and other changes in immunization programs.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of wP-pentavalent vaccine globally increased DTP3 coverage by approximately 3% compared to the pre-combination vaccine era.
  • Combination vaccines improved HepB3 and Hib3 coverage by 10.1% and 9.9%, respectively, in countries that had introduced these antigens earlier.
  • The introduction of pentavalent vaccine facilitated the inclusion of Hib and HepB in the vaccine schedules of a large number of countries.

Conclusions:

  • The development of combination vaccines with additional antigens is likely to sustain and improve coverage for both existing and new childhood vaccines.
  • Combination vaccines play a vital role in enhancing global immunization efforts and expanding vaccine access.
Abstract

Keywords:
infectious diseasespaediatric infectious disease & immunisationpublic health

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