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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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[How T lymphocytes coordinate rheumatic inflammation].

Hyun-Dong Chang1,2, Andreas Radbruch3, Tilmann Kallinich3,4

  • 1Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. chang@drfz.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helper T (Th) cells drive chronic rheumatic inflammation by releasing cytokines. New strategies aim to selectively target these pathogenic Th cells for improved treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
B‑lymphocytesChronic inflammatory diseaseInflammation mediatorsTumor necrosis factorT‑lymphocytes, helper-inducer

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Helper T (Th) cells are crucial in initiating and sustaining chronic rheumatic inflammation.
  • Th cells orchestrate immune responses through cytokine secretion and cell surface molecule expression, leading to tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deepen the understanding of Th cells in chronic inflammatory reactions.
  • To develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic Th lymphocytes in rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Research activities at the German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) focus on understanding Th cell roles.
  • Developing selective targeting approaches for pathogenic Th cells.

Main Results:

  • Previous therapeutic attempts to eliminate Th cells lacked selectivity and were unsuccessful.
  • Current research aims to build on understanding Th cell mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Selective targeting of pathogenic Th cells holds promise for novel rheumatic disease treatments.
  • Improved understanding of Th cell function is key to developing effective immunotherapies.