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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

44
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

59
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

72
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.1K

Platelet reactivity testing in peripheral artery disease.

Youqi Zhang1, Jennifer W Chou2, Wan-Ting Huang2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|April 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet function tests in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients on P2Y12 inhibitors are widely used but lack proven clinical benefit for adjusting therapy. Clinicians should integrate test results with other factors for optimal patient care.

Keywords:
clopidogrelhigh on-treatment platelet reactivityperipheral artery diseaseplatelet aggregation inhibitorsplatelet reactivity testingplatelet reactivity unit

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Oral antiplatelet therapy is standard for preventing cardiovascular events in peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  • Platelet function tests quantify platelet inhibition from antiplatelet drugs.
  • P2Y12 inhibitors are commonly prescribed for PAD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review literature on platelet function testing in PAD patients on P2Y12 inhibitors.
  • Provide guidance on test interpretation and clinical application.
  • Discuss the role of these tests in monitoring antiplatelet therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection.
  • Inclusion of studies reporting platelet function testing and clinical outcomes in PAD.
  • Evaluation of data on commonly used tests like VerifyNow PRU.

Main Results:

  • VerifyNow platelet reactivity unit (PRU) is the most utilized test.
  • Controversy exists regarding PRU thresholds correlating with cardiovascular outcomes (e.g., mortality, stent thrombosis).
  • Commonly cited PRU thresholds are ≥208 or ≥235.
  • Adjusting therapy based on suboptimal P2Y12 reactivity has not shown proven clinical benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical trials have not demonstrated improved outcomes from adjusting therapy based on platelet function test results.
  • Clinicians should exercise caution and not rely solely on test results.
  • Integrate laboratory findings with clinical assessment and patient-specific factors when modifying P2Y12 inhibitor therapy.