Green Synthesis of Mycometabolites: A Review on Aqueous Extraction and Bioactivities

A significant knowledge gap currently exists in the literature on the emerging interventions and bioactivity of aqueous extracts of mushrooms. Different solvents and techniques used in the extraction of mushroom metabolites have been discussed. Here, data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and presented in charts. The results showed that methanol was the most commonly reported extraction solvent (29.70%), followed by water (26.73%). Extracted metabolites of mushrooms were mostly reported for their antioxidant activity (33%). Investigations on the use of mushroom metabolites to treat tropical diseases, their application in novel coronavirus disease-COVID 19 management, and other beneficial effects (antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antityrosinase, analgesic, anticoagulation, and antiasthmatic) on health are emerging and reported rarely to date. It is a notable conclusion that water extracts from mushrooms are effective in the treatment of diverse health conditions, however, further studies are necessary. Modern water extraction techniques are essential for better yield and process optimization but are currently less applied and less frequently reported.