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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Predicting Which Children Will Normalize Without Intervention for Speech Sound Disorders.

Carol Kit Sum To¹, Sharynne McLeod², Ka Lam Sam¹

¹The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR

|April 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Children’s speech sound normalization is predicted by stimulability and intelligibility, not error patterns or language ability. Prioritizing children with low intelligibility and poor stimulability for speech therapy improves outcomes.

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Published on: January 3, 2017

Area of Science:

Speech-language pathology
Developmental psychology
Pediatric audiology

Background:

Some children experience speech sound disorders (SSD) that deviate from typical development.
Identifying predictors of speech normalization is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate predictive correlates of speech sound normalization in at-risk preschoolers.
To identify factors influencing the resolution of speech sound difficulties.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study of 845 Cantonese-speaking preschoolers over 2.5 years.
Followed 82 children with SSD for 2 years, analyzing 43 without intervention.
Used survival analysis to model time to normalization of consonant inventory.

Main Results:

Median time to normalization was 6.59 years without intervention.
Higher stimulability and caregiver-rated intelligibility predicted faster normalization.
Atypical error patterns and expressive language ability were not significant predictors.

Conclusions:

Stimulability and intelligibility are key prognostic factors for speech normalization in children with SSD.
Children with low intelligibility and poor stimulability warrant priority for speech-language pathology services.