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Measuring magnesium - Physiological, clinical and analytical perspectives.

Anglin Dent¹, Rajeevan Selvaratnam²

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Clinical Biochemistry

|April 5, 2022

Summary

Magnesium imbalance in critically ill patients can lead to poor outcomes. This review covers magnesium

Keywords:

CKD Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetes Drug FEMG Fractional excretion of magnesium Free magnesium Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia ISE magnesium Immunosuppressant Ionized magnesium Magnesium Mg(2+)NMR magnesium Nephrotoxicity TRPM6 TRPM7 Transplant Urine magnesium

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Clinical Chemistry
Pathophysiology

Background:

Magnesium is a vital electrolyte, fourth most abundant cation in the human body.
Imbalances in magnesium levels are common in critically ill patients and can be overlooked.
Deranged magnesium levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of magnesium.
To examine current methods for measuring magnesium in blood and urine.
To discuss analytical considerations for accurate magnesium measurement.

Main Methods:

Literature review of physiological and pathophysiological roles of magnesium.
Review of analytical methodologies for magnesium determination in biological samples.
Analysis of clinical significance of magnesium imbalances.

Main Results:

Magnesium plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes.
Various laboratory methods exist for measuring magnesium, each with specific analytical considerations.
Drugs can induce magnesium imbalances, highlighting the importance of monitoring.

Conclusions:

Accurate measurement of magnesium is essential for managing critically ill patients.
Understanding magnesium's role and measurement methods is critical for preventing poor clinical outcomes.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of magnesium's clinical relevance and analytical aspects.