Integrated stereotaxic imaging with CT, MR imaging, and digital subtraction angiography

A stereotaxic frame, compatible with digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is described along with a set of software programs that run in an independent imaging computer system, as well as in the computers associated with each modality. Plexiglas plates fastened to the sides of the frame contain fiducial markers that can be recognized in the images and from which the section position and in-plane coordinates of any point in the image relative to the frame may be determined. Coordinate measurements of isolated point targets may be made to an accuracy of better than +/- 1 mm within a 15-cm field of view in the plane of the section or projection on all modalities. The stereotaxic system is of sufficiently high accuracy to be used on a routine clinical basis with one or more of the above modalities.