Factors Associated With Mortality in Elderly Hospitalized Patients at Admission

Background Several factors have been associated with mortality prediction among older inpatients. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods A total of 353 consecutively admitted elderly patients (47.9% women), with a median age of 83 years (interquartile range 75.00-88.00), were enrolled in the study and patient characteristics were recorded. Comorbidities were assessed using Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), activities of daily living by Barthel Index (BI), frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), cognition by Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and symptom severity at admission by quick Sequential Organ Function Assessment (qSOFA) score. CFS, GDS and BI were estimated for the premorbid patients' status. Parametric and non-parametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the factors associated with mortality. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the prognostic value of CFS and qSOFA. Results In total, 55 patients (15.6%) died during hospitalization. In regression analysis, the factors associated with mortality were the qSOFA score at admission (p=0.001, odds ratio [OR]=1.895, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.282-2.802) and the premorbid CFS score (p=0.001, OR=1.549, 95% CI 1.1204-1.994). The classifiers both have almost similar area under the curve (AUC) scores, with CFS performing slightly better. More specifically, both CFS (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.85, p=0.001) and qSOFA (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.67-0.83, p<0.001) showed almost the same accuracy for predicting inpatients' mortality. Conclusion This study strengthens the perception of premorbid frailty and disease severity at admission as factors closely related to mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. Simple measures such as CFS and qSOFA score may help identify, in the emergency department, elderly patients at risk, in order to provide timely interventions.