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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Reconstructed covalent organic frameworks.

Weiwei Zhang1, Linjiang Chen1,2, Sheng Dai1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Nature
|April 7, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to create highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using framework reconstruction. This technique enhances COF stability and porosity, improving their performance in applications like photocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer tunable properties but achieving high crystallinity and stability is challenging due to poor reversibility in framework-forming reactions.
  • Existing methods using reversible chemistry often result in COFs with compromised stability and limited applications.
  • Robust and highly crystalline COFs are desirable for advanced applications, particularly in catalysis and energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and scalable protocol for synthesizing robust, highly crystalline imine COFs.
  • To investigate a novel framework reconstruction strategy for enhancing COF properties.
  • To demonstrate the improved performance of reconstructed COFs in photocatalytic applications.

Main Methods:

  • A novel synthesis protocol involving pre-organization of monomers using reversible covalent tethers.
  • Confined polymerization following monomer pre-organization to achieve framework reconstruction.
  • Vacuum-free synthetic procedure for COF preparation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared robust, highly crystalline imine COFs via a framework reconstruction route.
  • Achieved significantly enhanced crystallinity and porosity in the reconstructed COFs compared to standard methods.
  • Demonstrated improved charge carrier transport in reconstructed COFs, leading to high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates (up to 27.98 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹).

Conclusions:

  • The nanoconfinement-assisted reconstruction strategy provides a general and scalable method for producing high-quality COFs.
  • Enhanced crystallinity and porosity of reconstructed COFs lead to superior performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
  • This approach represents a significant step towards precise control over organic material structure and function.