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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
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High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

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6S RNA-Dependent Susceptibility to RNA Polymerase Inhibitors.

Marick Esberard1, Marc Hallier2, Wenfeng Liu1

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|April 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

6S RNA protects Staphylococcus aureus against RNA polymerase inhibitors like rifampicin. This bacterial small RNA is crucial for maintaining RNA polymerase integrity, enhancing antibiotic resistance.

Keywords:
6S RNAClostridioides difficileRNA polymeraseSalmonella entericaStaphylococcus aureusantibiotic resistancefidaxomicinregulatory RNArifampicinsigma factors

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Identification of RNA Fragments Resulting from Enzymatic Degradation using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Genetics

Background:

  • Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate essential pathways including antibiotic resistance.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen where regulatory mechanisms are critical for survival and virulence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sRNAs in rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To identify specific sRNAs involved in modulating the response to RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an sRNA mutant library in a competition assay to screen for genes affecting rifampicin resistance.
  • Tested the effect of 6S RNA absence on susceptibility to other RNAP inhibitors (rifabutin, fidaxomicin).
  • Assessed the role of 6S RNA in S. aureus stationary phase and its relationship with sigma factor B (σB).

Main Results:

  • Identified 6S RNA as essential for protection against low concentrations of rifampicin, rifabutin, and fidaxomicin.
  • Demonstrated that 6S RNA absence impairs RNAP inhibitor susceptibility in Salmonella enterica and Clostridioides difficile.
  • Showed that 6S RNA's protective effect against rifampicin is independent of σB activity in S. aureus.

Conclusions:

  • 6S RNA plays a significant role in bacterial resistance to RNAP-targeting antibiotics across different species.
  • In S. aureus, 6S RNA contributes to maintaining RNA polymerase-σA integrity, aiding survival under antibiotic stress.
  • Findings suggest 6S RNA as a potential target for novel antibiotic strategies.