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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Temporal and spatial contiguity are necessary for competition between events.

Estibaliz Herrera¹, José A Alcalá², Toru Tazumi³

¹Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|April 7, 2022

Summary

Contiguity is essential for cue competition in learning. This study demonstrates that overshadowing effects in spatial and temporal learning occur only when cues are contiguous with outcomes, resolving previous debates.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Animal Behavior
Neuroscience

Background:

Cue competition is a key concept in learning theory, but its generality is debated.
Recent studies question cue competition's presence in standard conditioning and spatial learning.
Previous research has yielded contradictory findings regarding cue competition in spatial learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of contiguity in cue competition across temporal and spatial learning domains.
To reconcile conflicting results in the spatial learning literature on cue competition.
To propose a model explaining cue competition based on event contiguity.

Main Methods:

Manipulated temporal contiguity between predictors and outcomes in Experiments 1-4.
Manipulated spatial contiguity between landmarks and goals in spatial learning (Supplemental Experiments 1-2, Experiment 5).
Examined overshadowing effects under varying contiguity conditions.

Main Results:

Overshadowing was observed when temporal and spatial contiguity were strong.
No overshadowing was found when contiguity was weak.
Contiguity was identified as a necessary condition for cue competition to occur.

Conclusions:

Contiguity is a critical factor for cue competition in both temporal and spatial learning.
Competition between simultaneously presented cues is absent when they are spatially or temporally discontiguous from the outcome.
A novel model accounting for event contiguity explains observed results and resolves discrepancies in spatial learning research.