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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

Topological engineering of terahertz light using electrically tunable exceptional point singularities.

M Said Ergoktas^1,2, Sina Soleymani³, Nurbek Kakenov⁴

¹Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 7, 2022

Summary

Researchers demonstrate topological control of light using graphene devices and organic molecules in the terahertz range. This breakthrough enables electrical tuning of light intensity and phase by manipulating exceptional points (EPs).

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Light-Matter Interactions
Topological Photonics

Background:

Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities in complex systems where distinct eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce.
The topological properties associated with EPs offer potential for controlling wave propagation, including light.
Graphene and organic molecules are promising materials for tunable optoelectronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate electrically controlled exceptional points (EPs) in a graphene-based system interacting with organic molecules.
To explore the topological control of light propagation using these EPs.
To reconstruct the complex energy landscape and Riemann surface associated with the EP.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of graphene-based devices integrated with organic molecules.
Utilizing terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to probe light-matter interactions.
Applying gate voltage to tune the device parameters and induce transitions across EPs.
Analyzing the intensity and phase of THz pulses to characterize EP behavior.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of electrically induced exceptional points (EPs) in the terahertz regime at room temperature.
Observation of tunable control over the intensity and phase of terahertz pulses via gate voltage.
Reconstruction of the Riemann surface associated with the complex energy landscape.
Evidence of topological control of light by tuning loss imbalance and frequency detuning.

Conclusions:

The developed system provides a novel platform for topological optoelectronics.
This work highlights the potential of electrically tunable EPs for advanced light control.
The study offers insights into the fundamental physics of exceptional points in light-matter interactions.