An Evidence-based Practical Guide to Vaccination for Hepatitis B Virus

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious agent causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
• HBV infection affects over 292 million people globally, representing a substantial public health burden and a leading cause of death.
• Current prevention strategies include screening, vaccination, and routine follow-up, with established vaccines available.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide practical clinical guidance for healthcare providers on hepatitis B vaccination.
• To address persistent challenges in HBV vaccination, such as underutilization and incomplete vaccination courses.
• To discuss the implications of a new, highly immunogenic HBV vaccine requiring fewer doses.

Main Methods:

• Expert consensus and clinical experience from a panel of US academic hepatologists.
• Review of current HBV prevention and management guidelines.
• Discussion of practical clinical scenarios and questions related to HBV vaccination.

Main Results:

• Three safe and effective HBV vaccines are available in the US.
• A new FDA-approved vaccine offers high immunogenicity with a 2-dose regimen.
• Persistent challenges in HBV vaccination include underutilization, incomplete series, and managing specific patient populations.

Conclusions:

• Effective HBV vaccination is crucial for preventing infection and its severe long-term consequences.
• Addressing vaccination challenges and adapting strategies for different populations are essential for improving public health outcomes.
• Clinicians require updated guidance to navigate HBV vaccination complexities and utilize new vaccine advancements effectively.