The sixth R: Revitalizing the natural phosphorus pump

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Biogeochemistry
• Conservation Science

Background:

• Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for life and agriculture, but accessible phosphate rock reserves are dwindling.
• Historical phosphorus cycling relied heavily on animal-mediated transport from oceans to continents.
• Declining wildlife populations have reduced this natural phosphorus redistribution by over 90% in 12,000 years.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel strategy to address the global challenge of "peak phosphorus".
• To introduce a sixth 'R' strategy: Revitalize the Natural Phosphorus Pump (RNPP).
• To suggest a P-trading scheme, inspired by REDD+, for incentivizing the restoration of animal-mediated P pathways.

Main Methods:

• Reviewing the historical role of wild animals in global phosphorus cycling.
• Analyzing the impact of species extinctions and population declines on phosphorus transport.
• Proposing a P-trading mechanism linked to conservation and ecosystem restoration.

Main Results:

• Wild animals were crucial in redistributing phosphorus, supporting planetary fertility.
• The reduction in animal-mediated phosphorus transport has significantly impacted nutrient cycling.
• A P-trading scheme could fund wildlife conservation and boost natural phosphorus recycling.

Conclusions:

• Restoring natural phosphorus pathways via wildlife conservation is a viable strategy to combat peak phosphorus.
• Integrating ecological restoration into resource management can enhance phosphorus availability.
• The proposed RNPP strategy offers a complementary approach to existing phosphorus management frameworks.