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Nasal obstruction in infancy.

R Harding

    Australian Paediatric Journal
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human infants may struggle to breathe through their mouths when their nasal airway is blocked. This study explores the reflexes and potential neurological immaturity involved in infant nasal obstruction responses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Respiratory Control

    Background:

    • Infants aged 6-12 months often exclusively use nasal breathing, except when crying.
    • The inability to switch to oral breathing during nasal obstruction is debated, with theories including anatomical factors (high larynx, velolingual sphincter) and central nervous system immaturity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms and maturational aspects of the infantile response to nasal airway obstruction.
    • To explore the role of reflexes and potential neurological factors in regulating upper airway patency during nasal occlusion.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on infant breathing patterns and responses to nasal obstruction.
    • Discussion of preliminary observations in awake lambs regarding nasal occlusion and oral breathing.

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  • Highlighting the need for further investigation in experimental animals.

    • Main Results:

    • Partial nasal obstruction triggers reflexes that enhance inspiratory efforts and upper airway muscle activity.
    • Receptors in the larynx and pharynx play a role in regulating these upper airway muscles.
    • In lambs, total nasal occlusion leads to oral breathing only after significant hypoxemia develops.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise mechanisms and developmental timeline of infant responses to nasal obstruction require further study.
    • Experimental animal models are necessary to fully understand these complex physiological responses, including the influence of sleep states.