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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

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Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and its Effect on the Developing Mouse Brain.

Gaëtan Philippot1, Kimia Hosseini1, Armine Yakub1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Frontiers in Toxicology
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal exposure to acetaminophen (AAP) in mice altered adult behavior and cognitive functions. This common pain reliever may induce oxidative stress and persistent negative effects on brain development, even at low doses.

Keywords:
analgeicdevelopmental toxicitymiceneurotoxcityparacetamol

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acetaminophen (AAP), a widely used analgesic in pregnancy and early life, is generally considered safe at therapeutic doses.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential links between developmental AAP exposure and later-life behavioral issues in humans and rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of neonatal acetaminophen exposure on adult mouse behavior, cognition, and hippocampal neurobiology.
  • To assess impacts on spontaneous behavior, habituation, memory, learning, cognitive flexibility, oxidative stress, axon outgrowth, and synaptic density.

Main Methods:

  • Neonatal mice were exposed to clinically relevant doses of acetaminophen (AAP) on postnatal day 10.
  • Adult behavioral assessments included home cage monitoring and the Morris water maze.
  • Hippocampal tissue was analyzed for oxidative stress markers, axon outgrowth, glutamatergic transmission, and synaptic density.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal AAP exposure led to altered spontaneous behavior and habituation patterns in adult mice.
  • AAP-exposed mice exhibited deficits in memory, learning, and cognitive flexibility.
  • Acute acetaminophen exposure increased oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus within 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal acetaminophen exposure can induce persistent negative effects on brain development and cognitive function in mice.
  • The findings highlight potential risks associated with acetaminophen use during sensitive developmental periods.
  • Acetaminophen, even at low doses, can cause acute oxidative stress in the developing hippocampus.