Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

700
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
700
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

279
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
279
Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

263
Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
263
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

39.3K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
39.3K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

208
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
208
Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving01:15

Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving

18.0K
When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
18.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Not All Math Activities Are Equal in Terms of Gender Stereotypes.

Sex roles·2026
Same author

Transactional links between the home learning environment and children's math achievement from early childhood to adolescence.

Learning and individual differences·2026
Same author

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Simulation and symbolic thinking in equations representing change.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Mobile Telehealth Intervention to Support Care Partners of Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (I-CARE 2): Protocol for a Randomized Effectiveness Clinical Trial.

JMIR research protocols·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K

Children's confidence using incorrect strategies on mathematical equivalence problems.

Amanda Grenell1, Lindsey J Nelson1, Bailey Gardner1

  • 1Indiana University.

Cognitive Development
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Children

Keywords:
Early ChildhoodMathematical EquivalenceMetacognitionStrategy Use

More Related Videos

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.1K
Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
14:43

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.1K
Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
14:43

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Mathematics Education
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Children frequently encounter challenges with mathematical equivalence problems.
  • The change-resistance theory posits that limited arithmetic experience leads to overgeneralized incorrect strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate children's metacognitive abilities in relation to mathematical problem-solving.
  • To empirically examine strategy use and certainty ratings in children aged 6-9.
  • To test a key assumption of the change-resistance theory.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with elementary school children (ages 6-9).
  • Participants' strategy use and confidence in their answers were recorded.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between strategy type and certainty levels.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited higher certainty when using incorrect, arithmetic-specific strategies.
  • This finding held true across both studies.
  • Metacognitive awareness varied based on the type of incorrect strategy employed.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the change-resistance theory's explanation of children's mathematical difficulties.
  • Findings highlight the role of metacognition in strategy selection and confidence.
  • Implications for educational interventions aimed at improving mathematical understanding and metacognitive skills.