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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis
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Blast Waves Cause Immune System Dysfunction and Transient Bone Marrow Failure in a Mouse Model.

Elke S Bergmann-Leitner1, Alexander G Bobrov2, Jessica S Bolton1

  • 1Biologics Research and Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

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Blast waves (BW) cause bone marrow failure and alter immune cell populations, increasing infection risk in wounded patients. Understanding these immunosuppressive effects is key to developing new treatments for blast-related injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trauma Research
  • Military Medicine

Background:

  • Explosive devices cause blast wave (BW) trauma, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
  • The mechanisms underlying BW-induced immune suppression are not well understood.
  • Blast exposure can cause long-lasting immune modulatory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of blast waves on the murine immune system.
  • To identify changes in blood cell counts, bone marrow, and spleen composition post-blast.
  • To analyze systemic cytokine and chemokine profiles following blast exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a murine model exposed to controlled blast waves.
  • Conducted longitudinal sampling for 14 days post-exposure.
Keywords:
blast wavebone marrowcytokinehematopoietic stem cellsimmune responselong term effectsprogenitor cellsspleen

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  • Analyzed complete blood counts, bone marrow cells, splenocytes, and cytokine/chemokine concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Blast waves induced transient bone marrow failure and long-term changes in progenitor cell populations.
    • Decreased viability of hematopoietic stem cells and pluripotent progenitor cells was observed.
    • Reduced CD4+ T cell frequency in the spleen indicated impaired adaptive immunity.
    • Dynamic changes in cytokines like IL-1α and IL-17 suggested immune dysregulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Blast wave exposure significantly impacts the immune system, causing bone marrow suppression and adaptive immune deficits.
    • These findings provide a foundation for understanding BW-induced immunosuppression.
    • Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions against infections in blast-injured patients.