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Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

15.1K
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of...
15.1K
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

20.1K
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
20.1K
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

23.9K
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
23.9K
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

7.9K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
7.9K
Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

7.6K
Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
7.6K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

5.4K
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
5.4K

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Author Spotlight: Eco-Friendly Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Techniques
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Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvents Containing Phenolic Alcohols.

Ahmad Alhadid1, Javid Safarov2, Liudmila Mokrushina3

  • 1Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nonionic deep eutectic solvents (DES) with phenolic alcohols show high carbon dioxide (CO2) solubility, outperforming ionic solvents. These green solvents offer a cost-effective solution for CO2 capture applications.

Keywords:
CO2 captureCOSMO-RSgreen solventshydrophobic deep eutectic solventsionic liquids

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents.
  • Phenolic alcohols are explored as key components in designing novel DES.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture remains a critical challenge in mitigating climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate nonionic DES incorporating phenolic alcohols for CO2 capture.
  • To investigate the influence of DES composition and operating conditions on CO2 solubility.
  • To compare the performance of these nonionic DES with existing solvent technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Conductor-like screening model for realistic solvation (COSMO-RS) was used for preselection of DES components and ratios.
  • Experimental determination of CO2 solubility in selected DES at varying temperatures and pressures.
  • Characterization of two specific nonionic DES: L-menthol/thymol (1:2 molar ratio) and thymol/2,6-xylenol (1:1 molar ratio).

Main Results:

  • CO2 solubility in the studied nonionic DES was found to be higher than in conventional ionic DES and ionic liquids.
  • The performance of nonionic DES was validated across a range of temperatures and pressures.
  • The study identified specific nonionic DES formulations with superior CO2 absorption capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Nonionic DES based on phenolic alcohols present a promising, efficient, and economical approach for CO2 capture.
  • These novel solvents offer a sustainable pathway for carbon capture technologies.
  • The findings support the broader application of DES in environmental and industrial processes.