Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates: a concise review
Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani1, Anwar Fathollahi2, Zahra Arab-Mazar3
1Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Irish Journal of Medical Science
|April 8, 2022
Summary
This review explores Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates, focusing on recombinant antigens, nanoparticles, and DNA vaccines. These approaches aim to stimulate host immune responses against toxoplasmosis, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Parasitology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a disease severity dependent on host immunity.
- While generally mild in healthy individuals, toxoplasmosis can be severe or lethal in immunocompromised patients.
- Vaccine development is crucial, with various antigens identified for potential use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in vaccine strategies against Toxoplasma gondii.
- To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant antigens, nanoparticles, and DNA vaccines.
- To highlight the role of different T. gondii antigens in vaccine development.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of four databases (Science Direct, PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar) up to 2020.
- Analysis of studies evaluating vaccine candidates based on T. gondii antigens.
- Focus on recombinant antigens, nanoparticle-based vaccines, and DNA vaccines.
Main Results:
- Secretory antigens of T. gondii show promise in stimulating host immune responses.
- Various antigens (SAG, GRA, ROP, ROM, MAG) have been synthesized and tested.
- Recombinant antigens, nanoparticles, and DNA vaccines have demonstrated protective effects in animal models.
Conclusions:
- Recombinant antigens, nanoparticle, and DNA vaccine platforms are promising for T. gondii vaccine development.
- Further research is needed to optimize these strategies for effective toxoplasmosis prevention.
- Targeting specific T. gondii antigens is key for successful vaccine design.
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