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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

10.9K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
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Formation of LiF-rich Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase by Electrolyte Reduction.

Panxing Bai1,2, Xiao Ji1, Jiaxun Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a robust LiF-rich cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. This new CEI significantly improves capacity retention and structural integrity in lithium cobalt oxide cathodes during extended cycling.

Keywords:
Fluorinated ElectrolyteHigh-voltage CathodesLiF-rich Cathode-Electrolyte InterphasePotentiostatic Reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High voltage operation in transition metal oxide cathodes enhances Li-ion battery capacity.
  • High voltage cathodes experience rapid capacity decay due to volume changes, cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) breakdown, and electrolyte penetration, leading to side reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.
  • To improve the cycling stability and capacity retention of transition metal oxide cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of a LiF-rich CEI via potentiostatic reduction of a fluorinated electrolyte at 1.7 V.
  • Utilizing LiCoO2 as a model cathode to test the LiF-rich CEI at a high cut-off potential of 4.6 V.

Main Results:

  • The LiF-rich CEI effectively maintained structural integrity and suppressed electrolyte penetration in LiCoO2 cathodes.
  • LiCoO2 cathodes with the LiF-rich CEI achieved a capacity of 198 mAh/g at 0.5C.
  • Enhanced capacity retention of 63.5% over 400 cycles was observed, compared to 17.4% for LiF-free cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • A robust LiF-rich CEI can significantly enhance the performance and durability of high-voltage Li-ion battery cathodes.
  • The developed CEI strategy offers a promising pathway for advancing high-energy-density Li-ion battery technology.