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Related Concept Videos

Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Anaphase A and B01:39

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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Studying Proteolysis of Cyclin B at the Single Cell Level in Whole Cell Populations
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The Plant Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome.

Alex Willems1,2, Lieven De Veylder1,2

  • 1Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; email: alex.willems@psb.vib-ugent.be, lieven.deveylder@psb.vib-ugent.be.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 8, 2022
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Summary

The plant anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) regulates cell cycle progression. Understanding its plant-specific targets could enhance crop yield and climate resilience.

Keywords:
anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosomecell cycle progressioncell divisionproteasomal degradationubiquitination

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase controlling cell cycle progression in eukaryotes.
  • APC/C function is conserved, but its subunit composition and targets are species-specific.
  • Plant APC/C activity influences key developmental processes like polyploidization and gametogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition and function of the plant APC/C complex.
  • To identify plant-specific APC/C activators and interactors.
  • To compile a comprehensive list of plant APC/C targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on the plant APC/C.
  • Analysis of conserved and plant-specific APC/C subunits and activators.
  • Compilation and categorization of known and putative plant APC/C substrates.

Main Results:

  • The plant APC/C comprises core subunits essential for development and unique activator subunits.
  • Numerous plant-specific APC/C activators and interactors have been identified.
  • A comprehensive catalog of confirmed and suspected plant APC/C target proteins is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The plant APC/C is a key regulator of plant development with species-specific components.
  • Identifying growth-related APC/C targets offers potential for improving crop yield and climate resilience.
  • Further research into APC/C targets can guide strategies for agricultural enhancement.