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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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Mapping replication forks, one replicon at a time.

Nicholas Rhind1

  • 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Molecular Cell
|April 8, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claussin et al. developed a novel method for mapping DNA replication forks. This technique offers high-resolution, genome-wide insights into the stability and mechanisms of DNA replication.

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Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
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Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion
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Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

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Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Understanding DNA replication is crucial for cell division and genome stability.
  • Existing methods for replication fork mapping have limitations in resolution or coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new method for high-resolution, genome-wide replication fork mapping.
  • To investigate the robust nature of DNA replication using this novel approach.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a technique combining single-molecule resolution with genome-wide coverage.
  • Applied the method to map replication forks with unprecedented detail.

Main Results:

  • Achieved single-molecule resolution in replication fork mapping.
  • Provided genome-wide coverage for comprehensive analysis.
  • Offered unprecedented insights into the robustness of DNA replication.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly advances the field of replication fork analysis.
  • This approach enables deeper understanding of DNA replication fidelity and mechanisms.