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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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Oral tolerance: an updated review.

Rafael M Rezende1, Howard L Weiner1

  • 1Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Immunology Letters
|April 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Oral tolerance (OT) induces immune suppression via oral antigen administration. This review explores cellular mechanisms and the gut microbiota

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Oral tolerance (OT) is the specific immune suppression following oral antigen administration.
  • Mechanisms include T cell depletion, anergy, and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation.
  • OT shows potential in animal models for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular components involved in inducing oral tolerance.
  • To explore the role of the gut microbiota in oral tolerance development.
  • To understand the complexities of oral tolerance for human application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular mechanisms in oral tolerance.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the gut microbiota's influence on immune responses.

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  • Synthesis of findings from animal models and human trials.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple cellular pathways contribute to oral tolerance induction.
    • The gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating oral tolerance.
    • Human trials for OT have yielded inconsistent results.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research into OT mechanisms, particularly the gut microbiota's role, is crucial.
    • Successful human application of oral tolerance requires a deeper understanding of its induction.
    • Integrating knowledge of cellular components and microbial interactions is key for therapeutic development.