Extracellular vesicles in gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy worldwide. Despite extensive study, the molecular mechanisms leading to GDM and associated perinatal complications are not well understood. The condition is also associated with an increased risk of future cardiometabolic disease in both mothers and their offspring. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of effective screening tools and to identify novel molecular mechanisms responsible for the short and long-term risks associated with GDM. In this regard, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer promise as novel biomarkers of GDM-mediated changes to both mother and fetus. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of studies examining EVs in the context of GDM. EMBASE and Ovid Medline were searched for articles published from inception to December 2020. We update current knowledge in this area and identify key knowledge gaps with recommendations for future research.