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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

229
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Gamma Knife radiosurgery for obsessive compulsive disorder.

Ryan B Kochanski1, Konstantin V Slavin2

  • 1Neurosurgery, Methodist Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, United States.

Progress in Brain Research
|April 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Gamma Knife radiosurgical capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder has evolved, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Modern techniques target the ventral capsule/striatum for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Gamma Knife capsulotomyGamma Knife neurosurgeryLesioningObsessive-compulsive disorderPsychiatric neurosurgeryRadiosurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiosurgery
  • Psychiatric Surgery

Background:

  • Gamma Knife radiosurgical capsulotomy is a long-standing, though rarely used, surgical treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • The procedure has undergone significant evolution in targeting, dosimetry, and lesion creation over four decades.
  • Early approaches faced challenges with efficacy and radiation-induced adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of Gamma Knife capsulotomy for OCD treatment.
  • To highlight the shift towards targeting the ventral capsule/striatum.
  • To discuss advancements in technique and their impact on outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary Gamma Knife capsulotomy procedures for OCD.
  • Analysis of changes in target location, number of isocenters, and prescribed radiation dose.
  • Examination of clinical response data and adverse outcomes associated with different treatment parameters.

Main Results:

  • The target location has shifted from the anterior limb of the internal capsule to the ventral capsule/ventral striatum.
  • Contemporary Gamma Knife ventral capsulotomy demonstrates strong efficacy with diminished adverse effects.
  • Lower radiation doses and precise lesion placement contribute to improved safety and effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Modern Gamma Knife ventral capsulotomy offers a refined and safer treatment for OCD.
  • Advances in neuroimaging, like diffusion tensor imaging, may further enhance precision targeting.
  • Continued research into patient-specific connectivity can optimize radiosurgical outcomes for OCD.