Basic and applied features in the cryopreservation progress of bovine embryos

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Animal biotechnology
• Embryology

Background:

• In vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has surged, surpassing in vivo-derived (IVD) methods globally.
• Advances in cryopreservation, including slow freezing and vitrification, are crucial for disseminating IVP technologies.
• Understanding embryo response to cryopreservation is key for successful application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current in vitro production market trends in bovine embryos.
• To discuss cellular and molecular factors affecting embryo cryosurvival.
• To analyze the impact of cryopreservation and developmental stage on pregnancy rates.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vitro production and cryopreservation techniques in bovine embryos.
• Analysis of cellular and molecular responses of embryos to cryopreservation protocols.
• Evaluation of factors influencing pregnancy rates after transfer of fresh and cryopreserved IVP embryos.

Main Results:

• IVP embryo production has surpassed IVD globally in the last decade.
• Both slow freezing and vitrification have distinct advantages and disadvantages for embryo cryopreservation.
• Cryo-storage duration and embryonic developmental stage significantly impact cryosurvival rates.

Conclusions:

• Cryopreservation is essential for the widespread application of bovine IVP technologies.
• Careful consideration of cryopreservation protocols, storage duration, and embryo stage is necessary for optimal outcomes.
• Further research into factors affecting pregnancy rates post-transfer of IVP embryos is warranted.