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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Focus on Standardized Salivary Gland Ultrasound Protocol in Connective Tissue Disease Research
Published on: October 13, 2023
Salivary biomarkers and esophageal disorders
Vandan Patel1, Steven Ma1, Rena Yadlapati2
1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Saliva is a complex physiologic fluid that contains an abundance of biological analytes, or biomarkers. Recent research has shown that these biomarkers may be able to convey the physiologic health of a person. Work has been done linking derangements in these salivary biomarkers to a wide variety of pathologic disorders ranging from oncologic diseases to atopic conditions. The specific area of interest for this review paper is esophageal disorders. Particularly because the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders often includes invasive testing such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy, prolonged pH monitoring, and biopsy. The aim of this review will be to explore salivary biomarkers (pepsin, bile, epidermal growth factor, and micro-RNA) that are being studied as they relate specifically to esophageal disorders. Finally, it will explore the benefits of salivary testing and identify areas of possible future research.
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