The neuroethological approach to defense in rabbit

In this chapter we review the neuroethological approach correlating behavior and dorsal hippocampal activity recorded in rabbits in laboratory conditions or in a semi-natural enclosure and exposed to intra and interspecific confrontations. Behaviors of the same modality, i.e., immobility, and the same motivation, i.e., defense, can be distinguished by a different pattern of hippocampal activity, in terms of the relative ratio of RSA (rhythmic slow activity), and LIA (large amplitude irregular activity), and of RSA frequencies. In addition, the frequency and the duration of RSA episodes represent critical indicators of the amount of awareness during immobility conditions. The neural pattern is also differentially affected by dynamic (a live cat) and static (a stuffed sparrow hawk) stimuli. On a neuroethological basis, the hippocampal profile of TI, characterized by the prevalence of LIA, is similar to a sparrow-hawk exposure and to the submissive posture in a conspecific confrontation.