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A call to reconceptualize lichen symbioses
Jessica L Allen1, James C Lendemer2
1Eastern Washington University, Biology Department, Cheney, WA 99004, USA.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|April 10, 2022
Summary
Fungal mutualisms, like lichens, are dynamic and complex, moving beyond simple species-pair interactions. A new framework is proposed to advance lichen symbiosis research and theory.
Area of Science:
- Symbiotic theory
- Mycology
- Ecology and Evolution
Background:
- Historical views of symbiosis focused on simple, species-specific interactions.
- Recent research reveals the complex and dynamic nature of fungal mutualisms.
- Lichens, important fungal mutualisms, are underappreciated as model systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconceptualize lichen mutualisms within broader symbiotic theory.
- To synthesize new data and propose an integrative approach for lichen research.
- To establish lichens as leading model systems in symbiosis.
Main Methods:
- Objective synthesis of current data on fungal mutualisms.
- Envisioning a revised, integrative ecological and evolutionary framework.
- Development of a ten-theme framework for future lichen research.
Main Results:
- Overturned traditional binary perspectives of symbiotic interactions.
- Highlighted the dynamism and complexity of fungal mutualisms.
- Proposed a framework to advance lichen symbiotic theory.
Conclusions:
- Lichens possess significant potential as model systems for symbiotic research.
- A reconceptualized approach integrating ecology and evolution is crucial.
- The proposed ten-theme framework can position lichens at the forefront of symbiotic theory.
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