Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
Safety and reliability of artificial CO2 augmentation method in comparison with standard apneic oxygenation method
Salman Farooq1, John T Roddy2, Vijay Johnson1
1Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Division of Inpatient Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Introduction:
The most commonly used apnea test for determination of brain death is the apneic oxygenation method. While all the commonly used apnea tests have associated complications, artificial CO2 augmentation has been reported to have fewer complications. However, data supporting the use of the latter method is limited.
Methods:
We identified 102 patients who underwent brain death testing during the last ten years. Artificial CO2 augmentation apnea testing was used in 50 of these patients while 52 patients underwent standard apneic oxygenation apnea testing.
Results:
No significant differences between the two groups were noted in any previously considered clinical outcomes, including hypoxemia, acidemia, or shock. However, shorter duration of apnea testing was observed in the artificial CO2 augmentation method suggesting its feasibility to the standard apneic oxygenation method in terms of convenience and reduction of the risk surrounding prolonged hypercapnia and hypoxemia.
Conclusion:
This retrospective cohort study provides further observational evidence to support the safety of alternate apnea testing techniques with the standard apnea method for determination of brain death in adults.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
Acute Respiratory Failure-III
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...

