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Obesogenic environments and cardiovascular disease: a path analysis using US nationally representative data.

Fangqi Guo1, Georgiana Bostean2,3, Vincent Berardi4

  • 1Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA. fguo@chapman.edu.

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Living in obesogenic environments increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Health behaviors and physiological factors partially explain this link, highlighting environmental impacts on heart health.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Obesogenic environments, characterized by limited access to healthy food and exercise, are linked to poor health outcomes.
  • Previous research suggests behavioral and physiological factors mediate the relationship between obesogenic environments and health, but simultaneous investigation was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine behavioral and physiological pathways explaining the association between environmental obesogenicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • To investigate multi-level risk factors simultaneously in the context of environmental obesogenicity and CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (n=12,482 older US adults).
  • Environmental obesogenicity operationalized using nine food and physical activity measures.
  • CVD and health behaviors self-reported; physiological dysregulation assessed via measured biomarkers (e.g., blood pressure, HbA1c, BMI).
  • Serial and parallel mediation analyses conducted using Hayes Process Macro.

Main Results:

  • Higher environmental obesogenicity was associated with increased odds of self-reported CVD (OR=1.074).
  • Obesogenic environments correlated with more health-compromising behaviors (β=0.026) and greater physiological dysregulation (β=0.035).
  • Behaviors and physiological factors accounted for 7% of the total effect of environmental obesogenicity on CVD.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral and physiological pathways partially mediate the link between obesogenic environments and CVD.
  • Obesogenic environments may hinder cardiovascular health promotion by limiting access to healthy lifestyle resources.