Stearic acid prevent alcohol-induced liver damage by regulating the gut microbiota

The pathological characteristics of alcohol-associated liver damage (ALD) mainly include liver lipid accumulation, which subsequently leads to alcohol-associated steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Dietary factors such as alcohol and fat may contribute to the development of ALD. A chronic alcohol-fed mouse model was used to investigate the effect of fatty acids in Jinhua ham on ALD. The fatty acids in Jinhua ham could prevent the occurrence of ALD from chronic alcohol consumption. In addition, the fatty acids in Jinhua ham with liver protective activity were long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), including palmitic acid and stearic acid. In contrast, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids aggravated the pathogenesis of ALD. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the prevention of ALD by fatty acids in Jinhua ham was ascribed to increasing relative abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus in the gut, which were beneficial to regulating intestinal homeostasis, ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction and reducing alcohol-associated hepatitis and oxidative stress damage. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with saturated fatty acids could prevent or mitigate ALD by regulating the gut microbiota (GM) and improving the intestinal barrier, while provided a more affordable dietary intervention strategy for the prevention of ALD.