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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Interplay Between Non-Coding RNAs and Programmed Cell Death Proteins.

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Programmed cell death (PDCD) proteins regulate apoptosis and are linked to various diseases. This study explores their interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), revealing new regulatory mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Programmed Cell Death (PDCD) protein family, with at least 12 members, plays crucial roles in regulating apoptosis.
  • Dysregulation of PDCD proteins is implicated in numerous disorders, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune conditions.
  • Emerging research highlights the interplay between non-coding RNAs and PDCD proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional interactions between PDCD proteins and two major classes of non-coding RNAs: microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • To identify specific miRNAs and lncRNAs that interact with PDCD members and explore their roles in disease contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on PDCD protein interactions with non-coding RNAs.
  • Focus on specific examples such as miR-21 and miR-183 for miRNA interactions.
  • Examination of lncRNAs like MALAT1, MEG3, SNHG14, and LINC00473 in the context of neoplasia.

Main Results:

  • The study describes functional interactions between PDCD proteins and both miRNAs and lncRNAs.
  • Specific miRNAs, including miR-21 and miR-183, show defined interactions with PDCD members.
  • lncRNAs, particularly MALAT1, MEG3, SNHG14, and LINC00473, are identified as interacting with PDCD proteins, especially in cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • PDCD proteins and non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) engage in significant functional interactions.
  • These interactions are relevant to various pathological conditions, notably cancer.
  • Further research into these ncRNA-PDCD interactions may offer new therapeutic targets for diseases associated with apoptosis dysregulation.