Spatial and Temporal Modulation of Cell Instructive Cues in a Filamentous Supramolecular Biomaterial

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Supramolecular Chemistry
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Supramolecular materials offer biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) properties.
• Lack of dynamic control over filamentous structures in 3D cell culture hinders study of cell behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a light-controllable supramolecular material for dynamic 3D cell culture.
• To investigate the impact of tunable mechanics and bioactivity on cell behavior.

Main Methods:

• Co-assembly of a squaramide-based multicomponent material with a 1,2-dithiolane (DT) monomer.
• Stepwise photo-cross-linking to modulate material mechanics (storage modulus) and viscoelasticity.
• 3D cell culture with photopatterning of peptide cues using photomask or laser writing.

Main Results:

• Achieved significant increase in storage modulus (>10 kPa) via photo-cross-linking without initiators, maintaining clarity.
• Reduced cellular protrusion and motility upon photo-irradiation at the start of culture.
• Demonstrated impeded cell manipulation and directional movement along pre-formed channels in 3D culture.
• Showcased photopatterning of peptide cues in 3D for spatial control.

Conclusions:

• Developed a versatile squaramide-based filamentous material with light-tunable mechanics and bioactivity.
• Enabled creation of heterogeneous mechanical environments and shaped 3D constructs.
• Facilitates development of advanced synthetic and biomimetic 3D in vitro cell and disease models.