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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

401
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
401
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Verbal Memory Interference in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Sarah A Orban1, Sara B Festini1, Erica K Yuen1

  • 1University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show less proactive interference but more retroactive interference and memory control issues. These verbal memory differences vary by age and interference type.

Keywords:
ADHDexecutive function deficitsmemory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Interference control is crucial for managing competing memory representations.
  • Memory difficulties are often associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Understanding memory interference in ADHD is key to addressing cognitive challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analytic review of verbal memory interference in individuals with ADHD.
  • To evaluate susceptibility to proactive, retroactive, and memory control interference in ADHD.
  • To compare interference effects across different age groups within the ADHD population.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 20 studies published between 1987 and 2019.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on verbal memory interference tasks in ADHD samples (ages 8-36).
  • Extracted proactive and retroactive interference indices from list-learning tasks and memory control indices from experimental paradigms.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD exhibited less proactive interference compared to controls (g=-0.53).
  • Adults with ADHD showed no significant difference in proactive interference (g=0.13).
  • Both children and adults with ADHD demonstrated increased retroactive interference (g=0.17) and poorer memory control (g=0.35).

Conclusions:

  • Verbal memory interference control in ADHD is complex and age-dependent.
  • Individuals with ADHD experience distinct patterns of interference susceptibility.
  • Findings highlight the need for tailored interventions considering age and interference type in ADHD.